Top 10 Most Spotted Animals of Costa Rica

Living in the South Pacific region of Costa Rica is a unique experience, particularly when it comes to the incredible biodiversity that surrounds us daily. After a recent road trip to Boquete, Panama, I was reminded of just how vibrant and alive Costa Rica is in comparison. The contrast between the two regions was stark—while Panama has its own charm, the absence of wildlife there was striking. In Costa Rica, on the other hand, it feels as though nature is always just a glance away.

As we made our way into Panama, the landscapes transformed dramatically—from the lush, verdant mountains and sprawling palm fields of Costa Rica to the flat valleys and construction-laden highways of Panama. The contrast between the two countries was striking, reminding me of how I used to feel visiting Costa Rica from Canada before I moved here nine years ago. I had read about the differences, but nothing could prepare me for the reality. As we ascended the mountain toward Boquete, I expected to see natural landscapes similar to those in Costa Rica. Instead, I was met with impeccably maintained highways flanked by strip malls, gas stations every few kilometers, and numerous subdivisions with grand, gated entrances.

The difference between these geographically close countries was jarring—climate, environment, and even the presence of life itself. This experience made me appreciate even more the incredible wildlife we encounter daily in Costa Rica, and it’s why so many are so passionate about protecting this magical landscape and the communities that depend on it. In just a short walk or drive, I often encounter a variety of animals that make this place so special. Here are ten wild creatures that you can regularly spot in this magical landscape, each contributing to the rich tapestry of life in Costa Rica.

1. Anteater (Oso Hormiguero)

The anteater, or "Oso Hormiguero" as it’s known in Spanish (directly translating to ‘Ant Bear’), is a fascinating creature that can often be spotted in the forests and open areas of Costa Rica. Despite their bear-like appearance in miniature form, these animals are gentle and mostly solitary, except during mating season. Their most striking feature is their long, tubular snout, which they use to sniff out ants and termites—their primary diet. Equipped with powerful claws, anteaters can be surprisingly formidable when defending themselves against predators. There are different species of anteaters in Costa Rica, ranging from the tiny silky anteater to the more commonly spotted northern tamandua, which can reach up to 130 cm in length. They prefer habitats rich in their food sources, such as tropical forests, savannas, and grasslands, and are most active during the early morning and late afternoon.

2. Pizote (Coatimundi)

The pizote, or coatimundi, is another animal that is frequently seen in Costa Rica. These curious and intelligent creatures are part of the raccoon family but are distinguished by their long, flexible snouts and tails, which they often hold upright as they forage. Pizotes are highly social animals, typically traveling in groups called bands, especially the females and juveniles, while adult males are more solitary. They are omnivores, feeding on a variety of fruits, insects, and small animals. Pizotes are commonly found in forests and can adapt to different environments, including areas close to human habitation. It's not uncommon to see them approaching tourists for food, although it's important to remember that feeding wildlife can be harmful. And, it’s important to keep in mind that these seemingly friendly creatures can be quite fierce, especially if you have a dog. I’ve learned to keep a close eye on my pets when pizotes are around, as a tussle between them can quickly turn dangerous. Their adaptability makes them one of the more visible animals in Costa Rica, especially in national parks and near tourist spots.

3. Agouti

The agouti is a small, rodent-like creature that is often seen darting through the underbrush in Costa Rica. Resembling a large guinea pig, these animals are quick and agile, making them a challenge for predators. Agoutis are herbivores, primarily feeding on seeds, fruits, and nuts, which they often bury as a food reserve for later consumption. This behavior helps with seed dispersal, playing a crucial role in the ecosystem. They are usually found in forests and areas with dense vegetation, where they can easily find food and shelter. Agoutis are most active during the day, so you’re likely to spot one on a walk through the forest or even in gardens that border wild areas.

Agoutis are some of the most adorable creatures you’ll encounter in Costa Rica, with their rabbit-like appearance and nimble movements. They have a habit of taunting my dogs, who always seem to catch their scent just a moment too late, never quite able to keep up with these quick little animals—thankfully for the agoutis! Watching them hop around my garden, I’ve come to appreciate their speed and agility. Despite my dogs’ best efforts, the agoutis always manage to make a clean getaway, leaving behind nothing but a few rustling leaves. They have a harder time getting away from avid local hunters who go for these apparently tasty wild pig-like animals around holidays like Christmas or Easter. Hunting agoutis is illegal without a permit and is less common these days but still noted in smaller, more rural communities.

4. Anoles

Anoles are a fascinating group of small lizards that are native to Costa Rica. Unlike geckos, which are also common here, anoles have distinctive long tails and often display bright, colorful dewlaps (a flap of skin under the throat) that they use in territorial displays or to attract mates. These lizards are incredibly adaptable and can be found in various habitats, from rainforests to gardens. They primarily feed on insects and are a natural form of pest control. Anoles are often seen basking in the sun on tree trunks, rocks, or even the sides of houses. Their ability to change color, similar to chameleons, helps them blend into their surroundings, making them both elusive and intriguing to spot.

Anolis biporcatus (the green tree anole) and Anolis aquaticus (the water anole) are two types of anoles endemic to this region, with the latter being particularly interesting due to its semi-aquatic habits, allowing it to dive into streams to avoid predators. These beauties are not to be confused with the common house gecko, which has a much more wide spread habitat and is much more of a nuisance as it poops and laughs on us from our ceilings above.

5. Butterflies

Costa Rica is a haven for butterflies, with around 1,251 species recorded in the country. Among the most iconic is the Blue Morpho, with its vibrant, iridescent wings that seem to shimmer as it flies through the forest. Monarch butterflies also pass through Costa Rica during their migration, adding to the colorful spectacle. Butterflies are drawn to the country’s diverse plant life, particularly the nectar-rich flowers found in gardens and forests. The best time to see these butterflies is during the dry season, from December to April, when they are most active, although I personally see at least one Blue Morpho nearly every morning on my daily walk. Their presence is a testament to the healthy, biodiverse environment of Costa Rica, and they are often considered symbols of transformation and beauty.

6. Hummingbirds

Costa Rica is home to an astounding variety of hummingbirds—around 50 different species can be found here, making it one of the best places in the world for hummingbird watching. These tiny, jewel-like birds are most commonly seen flitting around flowers, feeding on nectar with their long, specialized beaks. Some of the species you might encounter include the Rufous-tailed Hummingbird, the Violet-crowned Woodnymph, and the Green-breasted Mango. Hummingbirds are attracted to brightly colored flowers and are most active during the early morning and late afternoon. Their rapid wing beats create a distinctive humming sound, which is often the first indication of their presence. Gardens with a variety of flowering plants are the perfect spot to observe these energetic birds. And, sometimes, in a magical moment, one will come visit you and hover right in front of your face as if to say hello!

7. Toucans

Toucans are perhaps some of the most iconic birds in Costa Rica, known for their large, colorful bills and striking plumage. The Chestnut-mandibled Toucan is the most common species in the region, although there are rare sightings of the iconic Keel-billed Toucan in the South Pacific. These birds are primarily frugivores, feeding on a variety of fruits, although they are also known to eat insects, small reptiles, and even the eggs and chicks of other birds. Toucans are social creatures, often seen in small flocks. They prefer tropical and subtropical forests, particularly in areas with dense tree cover where they can find both food and nesting sites. The sight of a toucan flying with its distinctive, oversized bill is a truly unforgettable experience for anyone visiting Costa Rica.

Toucans might be the most exotic-looking birds in Costa Rica, with their vibrant colors and large beaks. But what might surprise you is that they are notorious nest poachers. I often see them flying by, pursued by a cacophony of smaller birds, frantically trying to protect their nests from this beautiful yet mischievous predator. The sight of these majestic birds being dive-bombed by a swarm of smaller ones is a reminder of the complex and sometimes brutal dynamics of nature.

8. Parrots

The Scarlet Macaw is another of the more striking birds you can encounter in Costa Rica, with its brilliant red, yellow, and blue plumage. These birds are not just beautiful but also highly intelligent, known for their strong social bonds and loud, raucous calls. They are often seen in pairs or small family groups, particularly around almond trees, which are a favorite food source. The Green Parrot, or "lora," is another common parrot species in Costa Rica, often confused with the Scarlet Macaw due to its similarly bright colors, although they are different species.

Green parrots and macaws belong to the same family, Psittacidae, which is the family of true parrots. This family includes a wide range of parrot species, including macaws, parakeets, lorikeets, and more. These beautiful birds are usually found in lowland rainforests and mangrove areas, where they nest in tree cavities. The preservation of these habitats is crucial for the survival of these majestic birds, which are still recovering from past declines due to the pet trade (now illegal or very highly regulated, depending on the species).

9. Iguanas

Iguanas are a common sight in Costa Rica, with two main species being particularly prevalent: the Green Iguana and the Black Spiny-tailed Iguana (known locally as "Garrobo"). Green Iguanas are typically found near water sources and are excellent swimmers. They are primarily herbivores, feeding on leaves, flowers, and fruits, although they will occasionally eat insects. Black Iguanas, on the other hand, are more terrestrial and can often be seen basking on rocks or tree trunks. They are more omnivorous, feeding on a variety of plant material as well as small animals. Both species are known for their impressive size, with some individuals reaching over 2 meters in length. Iguanas are a favorite among locals and visitors alike, often seen sunning themselves in the open or retreating to the treetops when disturbed.

Iguanas are prone to darting into traffic out of nowhere and are hard to avoid so they are some of the most susceptible to becoming roadkill. However, it is best not to try to swerve around them on highways as this practice is very dangerous. Some locals hunt iguanas for meat as they say it tastes like chicken and there's a lot of eating on some of the bigger ones. Not something I've tried myself but I know people who say it's "not bad."

10. Monkeys

Monkeys are a quintessential part of the Costa Rican wildlife experience, with four distinct species endemic to Costa Rica. The most commonly spotted species in the South Pacific region is the Howler Monkey, known for its loud, guttural calls that can be heard for miles. These monkeys live in troops and are often seen moving through the treetops in search of fruits, leaves, and flowers. Capuchin Monkeys, also known as White-faced Monkeys, are less common but can still be spotted occasionally. They are highly intelligent and curious, often approaching humans, especially in areas where they have become accustomed to being fed. The Squirrel Monkey, or Titi Monkey, is the smallest and rarest of the three species and is typically found in protected areas like Manuel Antonio National Park. These monkeys are agile and fast, moving in large groups through the forest canopy. Spotting a troop of monkeys is always a highlight of any visit to Costa Rica.

I’ve had my fair share of encounters with monkeys but my most memorable encounter happened one day outside my office. I had taken my dog out for a quick pee break when I noticed some rustling across the highway. To my surprise, about 70 Titi Monkeys were discreetly munching on heliconias and wild bananas. It was a rare and magical moment, one that reminded me of just how alive this landscape truly is.

Bonus: Sloths

While not as commonly seen as some of the other animals on this list, sloths are a special treat when you do encounter them. These slow-moving creatures spend most of their lives hanging from trees, where they blend in almost perfectly with the foliage. There are two types of sloths in Costa Rica: the Brown-throated Three-toed Sloth and the Hoffman’s Two-toed Sloth. Both species are primarily herbivores, feeding on leaves, fruits, and flowers. Sloths are most commonly found in the coastal regions of Costa Rica, particularly around Uvita and Manuel Antonio National Park. If you’re lucky, you might spot one during a visit to these areas, especially if you know where to look. Their relaxed demeanor and seemingly perpetual smile have made them beloved icons of Costa Rica.

While relatively rare compared to other animals on this list, sloths do tend to pick a favorite spot and stay a while or return regularly. A friend of mine was lucky enough to have a resident sloth living on her property in the mountains of Ojochal for a couple of years, which was a real treat. However, one of my favorite sloth encounters happened at Envision Festival in Uvita one year. As the sun came up during the last set of the weekend, all eyes turned towards a sloth that had been hanging out in a tree next to the stage all night, seemingly jamming along with the music. It was the perfect end to an unforgettable weekend and one that reminded me of how closely we live with nature in this dynamic zone.

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